Supercharging dual cycle engine



Jar1. 12, 1932. A, Q PETERS'ON 1,841,148

SUPERGHARGING DUAL CYCLE ENGINE Filed July 9, 192'. 3 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 12, 1932. Q PETERSON. 1,841,148

SUPERGHARGING DUAL CYCLE ENGINE Filed July 9, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 g; \H y S S Q E Q 73 '71 f at gwuentoz Patented Jan. 12, 1932 ADOLPHE C. PETERSON, 0F MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SUPERCHARGING DITA: CYCLE ENGINE i I Application filed July 9, 1927. Serial H0. 204,644.

My invention relates to internal combust1on engines and particularly to a form of engine which has supercharging and dual 7. cycling characteristics wherefore it is called a supercha-rging dual cycle engine.

The principal objects of my invention are to provide an engine which shall have simplicity, efiiciency, flexibility and durability,

. and which shall be cheap comparatively in 'manufacture and which shall be simple 1n maintenance. An object ofmy invention is to provide an lnternal combustlon engine which shall be easily started, which shall be easily given a preheat for easy starting and for startin under conditions of utmost efiiciency. An objector" my invention is to provide an engine starting system in conjunction with internal combustion engines which starting system shall be simple and shall require less draught on the electrical current of a starting battery. An object of my invention is to provide a form of valve operating means whichis simple in operation, simple in construction and simple in maintenance and which shall be automatically ad ust-able or which shall require no adjustment of the valve operating means such as is usually required in connection with poppet valve en- ...gines. An object of my invention is to provide an engine which shall be capable of operating upon either the four cycle plan or operation or the two cycle plan at the will of the operator or driver and to provide in connection therewith a simple means for effecting the changing in the valve operation to effect the two cycle or :tour cycling changing. In general the object of my invention is to provide an improved internal combustion engine.

The principaldevices and combinations of devices comprising my invention are as hereinafter described and as defined in the claims. In the'accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention like characters refer to like parts throughout the several views. Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view chiefly in vertical section in a plane passing through theaxialcenter of the crank shaft of an engine. embodying my invention. Some parts are shown in full side elevation and some parts cut away.

Figure 2 is a section on the line HII of Figure l on a vertical plane at right angles to that of figure.

Figure 3 is a section on a horizontal plane taken on the line IIIIII of Figures 1 and 2, this section showing particularly the preheating means.

Figure 4 is a section on the line IVIV of Figures 1 and 2 this section being on a horizontal plane passing through the inlet and exhausi'imaui'tolds of my engine.

Figure 5 is a section through a part of the control valve governing the starting function, on line A of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a section through a part of the control valve governing the two cycling function, on line B of Figure 1.

Figure 7 is a section through a part of the control valve governing four cycling function on line C of Figure 1, and particularly governing the exhaust valve in such cycling.

Figure 8 is a section through a part of the control valve governing four cycling function on line D of Figure l and particularly governing the inlet valve in such cycling. Sections on the lines E and F of Figure 1 through the ports of the control valve governing the exhaust and inlet valves respectively shaft 4 is rotatably mounted in the crank case portions and by its cranks cooperates with crank rods 5 WhlCh indivldually are actuated by pistons 6 one reclprocably placed in each cylinder 2.

The cylinders 2 each have one inlet valve of the poppet type, 7, and one exhaust valve, poppet type, 8, which respectively are nor- (Ill mally raised by coil springs 9, against their seats in thecylinder heads 10. The upper ends of the valve stems 11 each have a small piston called a valve piston 12 fixed to or constructed integrally with the valve stem.

The valve piston 12 of each valve is reciprocable vertically in a so-called guide cylinder 13, the fitbeing such that there is little or no leakage around the piston but so that the valve piston has an easily slidable fit in its cylinder. So-called waste ports 14c in the lower sides of the guide cylinders beneaththe location of the valve pistons permit discharge of any 011 which may leak downward from above the valve pistons, 1nto spaces or chambers 15.

its one end of a cylindrical form and by its other end 21 which has a short cylindrical portion and also a square portion 22 which latter is slidable axially in a mltre gear 23, the latter being rotatablymounted as shown in a bearing 24. -The square portion 22 asses throu h a s uare hole in the mitre ear v 23 so that the latter drives the-control valve 19 uniformly with it thereby;

The control valve 19 iscylindrical and its interior is hollow and forms a conduit 25 thereby. The control valve 19 has'control pert-ions which are shown. in sectionsin the igures 5, 6, 7, 8, and these control portions I are so formed that in the parts which e xtendto the inner surface or wall of the control valve casing 18 and shde closely against it they have ports '26, 27, 28, 29, respectively, which are adaptechdepending on which is placed in cooperaticn with a port 30 in the guide cylinder related to it, to permit the entry of oil or liquid under pressure from the conduit 25 to the interior of the guide cylinder above thejvalve piston. It isto be noted that the Figures 5, 6, 7 8, show the control portions or sections related to one guide cylinder only, eachcylinder 2 withitsguide cylinders having similar sets of sections in the control valve 19, for its valves. The control valve 19 is slidable axially as controlled by a hand wheel 31, the latter mounted by a ball bearing on the end of the shaft20 of the control valve 19. Thereby thecontrol valve may be placed so that either the section A related to each guide cylinder is in cooperation with its relatedport 30 or that the section B related "to each guide cylinder is in cooperation with its related port 30 101 so that the sections 0.

and Dare in cooperation with the ports 30 of-cone exhaust valve and one inlet valve-of each cylinder 2 respectively.

The control valve 19 in portions removed v is contemplated that the storage battery w from the control sections is somewhat recessed from the inner wall of the casing so that these recessed portions will permit any oil or'liquid to flow from these recessed portions to the per s 32 in the casing and thence to spaces 15, thereby thereis provided means whereby substantially whenever any guide cylinder 13 is not receiving oil or liquid under pressure from conduit 25 it may discharge liquid to spaces 15 and thence as hereinafter. described to the reservoir.

ball check valves 37 in a pump housing 38.

The pump housing 38 has two chambers of a cylindrical form wherein respectively two eccentric pump pistons 39, 4O revolve the cocentric pistons being secured to the crank shaft 1 to revolve with the latter. The eccentric pistons'39, 40 draw oil or liquid from a reservoir or crank case b supply conduit 41 ball check valves d2 pre enting return flow. Slide blocks 13, slidable in closely fitted slide chambers or recesses in the housing 38 are adapted to continuously press against the respective eccentric pistons in rotation of the latter, coil springs 15,46 press ing the slide blocks thereagainst. The spaces 15 ma'yreturn liquid to the reservoir by means of a return conduit 1.

In the immediate neighborhood of the en gine or fixed upon a bracket or other support, an electric motor is adapted to drive two centrifugal impellers 1-8, 19 respectively, one being fixed to revolve with each end of the shaftv 50 of the motor.'-(electric) 51. The latter is driven by a storage battery 52.

ill he charged continuously by a'generator drives by the crank shaft 1. Y

One of the centrifugal impellers may deliver to either a conduit 53 or conduit 54: as governed by a valve manually controlled. The conduit 53 delivers to a combustion chamber 56 a backfire preventing screen 5? being interposed. The combustion chamber 56 relatively large and delivers at its two ends toch'ambers 58, 59 which deliver to tubes 60, 61 the latter welded in the cast body of the water jacket 62 so that they lie parallel to cylinders their sides in the lower portion of the water spaces on each side of the cylinders 2. Tlie'tubes 60, 61st their othe ends deliver to the atmosphere either direc or indirectly by any conduit.

The conduit-54 delivers to a chamber 64 in the cylinder head and chamber 64d'elivers permanently into inlet manifold 65 and may as controlled manually by .a hand valve 66 deliver through ports 67, 68 to the exhaust manifold 69, the latter under such conditions being shut off from the exhaust conduit 70. Under conditions when the exhaust manifold 69 is cutoff fromthe, chamber 64: and thereby from conduit 54 the exhaust manifold will be open to the exhaust conduit 70, the latter delivering to the atmosphere.

The other centrifugal impeller delivers either to the conduit 5% or to a conduit 71 as controlled by a hand valve 72. The conduit 71 delivers (when connected by hand valve 72) to inlet ports 73 one located in the side of each cylinder 2 at such height that the related. piston uncovers it at its lowermost point of reciprocation, substantially as in other engines of the two cycle type. Opposite to the inlet ports 7 3 are exhaust ports 74 delivering tothe atmosphere. The exhaust ports 7 1 I deliver through a conduit 7 5 to atmosphere connected'with the other impeller d the conoui t 75 may or may not be blocked by a hand valve under certain conditions of operation if desired.

One of the impellers always draws car buretted air from the V enturitube 7 6 and this impeller is the one which may deliver either to conduit 53 or 54.- The Venturi tube 76 has a normal nozzle which delivers under suction a flow of fuelliquid sufiicientto give to the air passing through a normal ratio of I fuel sufficientto form as nearly efiicient comistibleproportion as may be. A supplementary nozzle ('7 controlled by a hand valve may be permitted to deliver or not as the operator desired by opening or closing valve 78, the supplementary nozzle'being so propon tioned however that it will deliver if in ac tion a quanti y of, fuel suflicient to form with the fuel issuing from thenormal nozzle 1 rich or supernormal carburetted' air flow from Venturi tube 76. The Venturi tube may be by means that other impeller may be connected with atmosphere by that hand of hand valve 7 9 or valve 7 9.

The control valve shaft and mitre gear 23 are drivenby mitre gear 80 and the latter by vertical shaft 81 by mitre gears'82, 83 and thereby by crank shaft 4 the relation being such that the control valve is driven at half the speed of the crank shaft 4. The valve sect-ions B related. to two cycle action are of such form that communication is permitted twice'in each revolution of control valve 19 'and'the sections 0, D, are each adapted to permit communication only once in each revolution of control valve 19. I

The conduit 36 has related to it a hand pump 84'which may be'manually operated to draw oil and force it under pressure to theconduit 25. v

Spark plugs 85 have such related electric current creating and governing means (not shown) that electric sparks may pass at proper times for either two cycle or four cycle action a distributor 86 providing for two cycle action and a distributor 87 for four cycleaction. A spark plug 88 may be caused to emit sparks as desired in the combustion chamber. In the operation of my engine, the engine being cold, the operator sets the hand valves so that carburetted air (normally carburetted) will pass from one impeller to the combustion chamber 56 and so that the spark plug 88 causes combustion therein. The op erator may set the hand valves so that the other impeller also draws carburetted air and delivers it to the chamber 64 and may thence deliver to the cylinders 2 and be combusted by action of the spark plugs therein. But the hand valves are preferably so set that the other impeller does not draw either air or carburetted air under this preheating con dition. The combustion products from combustion chamber 56 will pass through the tubes in the water spaces and thereby heat the water therein which will circulate and heat the cylinders 2 and prepare them for ellicient starting action under such conditions that there will be but little or no crank case dilution. vVhen so preheated, the operator may set the hand valves so that normally carburetted air will flow to both of the impellers and thence to chamber 64 and may set the control valve so that sections A cooperate with all ports 30, and these sections are such that there will then be communication between conduit 25 and guide cylinders and so that by actuating hand pump 84 oil may be forced manually into all the guide cylinders and thereby depress all the inlet and exhaust valves and so that thereby the impeller will draw carburetted air and pass into the cylinders 2, all of them (11116 or this action the hand valve 66 is set so that exhaust manifold may deliver to the exhaust conduit but may be the other way). A. charge of combustible gas is thereby passed into each cylinder 2 and the operator may then cause distributor 87 to cause a spark to be emitted in proper c linder according to the cyclic action and theie-' action is described as if there are the usual plurality of cylinders six or eight or otherwise, only two being shown. These two in fourcycle action have alternate working strokes and in twocycle action fire together.

It is contemplated that there will be four, six or eight preferably of such sets of two cylinders.

foperator causes by causing the distributor When the engine is thus given initial rotationit takes up its cycle of operation. In the starting actionthat is when being given the initial revolution, after the preheating, the control valve is so set manually that the four cycle sections, that is, the sections C and D cooperate with the inlet and exhaust valve guide cylinders, (the hand pump is then inactive) and the result willbe as soon as the control valve is. shifteclto this starting positionor cranking position,the oil will be released from the guide cylinders related to cylinders 2 in which the pistonsare in some part of the working stroke, and consequently the poppet valves related to that cylinder or cylinders will be permitted to close and this cylinder or cylinders will be in condition for effective working en ort when a spark is caused in its spark plug. This the effective for four cycle operation to be. effective and by manipulating it for advancement or retardation of the'spark as necessary until a spark is caused and causes revolution of, the crank shaft 4. When so started 7 the engine is in condition for efifective continuation of the revolution as the passages have been filled up with the combustible carburetted charge, and the slightest revolution of the crank shaft will cause further efi'ective combustion and worklng strokesin the cylinders 2.

- In the normal operation ofa four cycle,

engine, the eccentric pistons causes pumping, of liquid oil or other easily flowing liquid from the eccentric pistons or pump nousing to the conduit and as the control valve revolves half as fast as the crank shaft t the sections C'and D, then in cooperation, (control valve being so placed) the sections C and D related to each inlet and exhaustvalve will permit the oil to enter under pressure to the related guide cylinder at theapprop'riate time for depression or openin of the poppet valve related and thereby the valve piston will be forced by the oil pressure downward and thereby open the poppet valve, the inlet valve of each cylinder being opened during substantially the entire suction stroke, the exhaust valve being opened during substantially the entire exhauststroke and thetwo valves being both closed during.

substantially the entire two succeeding strokes, that is the'us'ual compression and workingstrokes, combustionoccurring during the working stroke. The timing may be altered as necessary to secure most efficient flow of gases and expansion in the working stroke. The engine will thuscar-ry on its cycle as a four cycle engine.

- If now it' s'desired to operate theeng'ine 0n the two cycle aswhen an especially'heavyi load is encountered as when hill climbing or at relatively slow'speeds inhe'avy roads, or

if maximum power is required,the operator then shifts the control valve so that the B sections are in-place for cooperation with the ports and in this case the engine being then under way and the hand valve 66 being shifted so that the exhaust conduit is closed.

from the exhaust manifold and the chamber 64 is open to the exhaust manifold, the im pellers will then deliver as follows: (the valves being accordingly set) the impeller drawing carburetted air from the Venturi tube will deliver to chamber '64; and thence to the inlet and exhaust manifolds and thence as the valves are opened to the cylinders 2,

and the o her impeller will deliver pure air from the atmosphere to the ports in the side of the cylinders 2, the air passing into the,

to cylinders 2 as shown) and thereby the valves being so opened at or near the time when the exhaust ports in the sides ofthe cylinders 2 are'uncovered by the pistons, the carburetted air will enter (immediately after the scavengingaction) and'will drive a portion of t air or remaining gasesin' the cylinders out through the exhaust portsin the sides of the cylinders. This maybe the setting or arrangement butpreferably the engine is so' constructed. that for this two cycle action, the control valve will cause opening of the poppet valves'and entry of carburettted air from the chamber 6% at a period immediately after the closing of the exhaust ports in the sides of the cylinders by the pistons as ascending, and thereby the pressure of the charge as created by the impeller will cause a lilling of the cylinder 2 or cylinders 52 withan extra volume of car.- burettedair and air somewhat above the atmospheric pressure,sayabout ten pounds or so, andthereby there will be supercharging as a two cycle engine. U uer such construction and operation as a su aercharging two cycle engine, the scavenging air chargejwill cause scavenging with fresh air when the side ports are opened'and when these side ports are closed the carhuretted air charge (preferabl enriched) will enter '1 at about ten pounds pressure or so. Under this supercharging two cycle action the enriching valve is opened. -Under two cycle action the two cylinders as shown fire simultaneously and each down stroke is a workin'g stroke'.""The I engine would preferably have several or a plurality of such sets of two cylinders as those shown, and the arrangement of cylinders or combination may bevaried as desired to secure the most efhcient balanced action of the pistons.

As stated the operation may be varied from two cycleto four cycle or vice versa,

"according to the desire of the operator and the necessities of the load,but for starting the engine is preferably set for four cycle operation as the engine may be caused thereby to pick up speedeasier. The impellers should preferably be built and the speed of the electric motor such that the impellers will have suflicient speed .to cause efiective air charging or charging at speeds of the engine which will correspond to actual operating engine speeds at low driving speeds of an automobile. It is to be noted here that instead of the centrifugal impellers any form of blower as the Roots type may be used with the electric motors and in some constructions the impellers may be driven from the crank shaft through reduction gearing. lVith the use of the electric motor driving the impellers however as shown the engine will operate as readily two cycle at low speeds as at higher speeds and in fact probably better. As noted the impellers provide supercharging at two cycles. They also provide supercharging in four cycle operation and they also provide preheating precombustion in the combustion chamber 56 and they also provide charging of the cylinders with fresh carburetted charge when the engine is at a standsti l, in order that the engine may be readily started by the passing of a spark at the spark plugs.

The manner of operating the poppet valves by the control valve shown may be used or not as desired. VVhile I have shown special devices and combinations of devices in the illustration of my invention I contemplate that other detailed. devices and combinations may be used in the realization of my invention without departing from the spirit and contemplation of my invention.

What I claim. is:

1. In an en i e, a plurality of valves operating t e'efor means lelivering a liquid under pressure and a rotatable liquid distributor permitting delivery of the liquid under pressure and permitting release of the liquid from individual valve operating means periodically in accordance with the engine cycle and means whereby the distributor may be caused to open all the valves simultaneously and whereby carburettedcharge may be caused to flow through the valves to the engine cylinders.

2. A valve actuating means comprising pistons individually associated with each valve of an engine, a cylinder related to each piston, a valve casing extended by the cyl by the relation of the rotation of the distributing valve may be altered for alteration mecyclic actuation of the valves so that under one condition of operation the engine may function as a four cycle engine and so that under another condition of operation the engine may function as a two cycle engine.

A valve actuating means comprising pistons individually associated with each valve of an engine, a cylinder related to each pistoinu valve casing extended by the cylinders having conduits severally delivering to each cylinder, a distributing valve rotatable in the valve casing and rotatable in cyclic relation with the engine, means whereby liquid under pressure is released by the distributing valve to each cylinder for cyclic actuation of the valves related to the pistons and whereby the cylinders are permitted to discharge during intervals intervenin the respective opening periods, and means w erehy the relation of the rotation of the dis tributing valve may be altered for alteration ofthe cyclic actuation of the valves so that under one condition the distributing valve is in position to function for the regular cyclic operation of the engine and so that under another condition the distributing valve is positioned for opening of all inlet valves of the engine simultaneously for charging for starting and a blower charging means capable of delivering charging carburotted air during such condition.

4. An engine having a plurality of cyl inders, valves related to the individual cylinders, pistons directly connected with the valves and reciprocable in related valve cylinders, a rotatable distributing valve rotatably mounted upon an axis passing adjacent to each valve cylinder and capable of governing the distribution of liquid under pressure to the individual valve cylinders in cyclic relation for actuation of the valves and permitting discharge from the valve cylinders during intervals intervening the respective periods wherein the valves open ports to their related cylinders, means whereby the relation of the rotation of the distributing valve may be altered for alteration of the cyclic actuation of the valves so that under one condition the engine may function as a four cycle engine and so that under another condition the engine may function as a' two cycle engine, and means delivering liquid under pressure for such distribution.

'5. An internal combustion engine having cylinders and cooperating pistons, ports communicating between the cylinders and an in let manifold and ports communicating between the cylinders and an exhaust manifold,

valve means governing the communication between the cylinders and manifolds, an air carburettlng means connecting with the inlet manifold, means whereby the exhaust manifold may under four cycle actuation be connected with atmosphere and disconnected from the air carburetting means and whereby the exhaust manifold may under two cycle actuation be connected with the air carburet ting means and disconnected from the atmosphere, means whereby the actuation of valve means may be altered for four cycle actuation and for two cycle actuation in relation to the engine pistons, and a blower means adapted to be actuated to blow carburetted air from the carburetting means to the manifolds under two cycle operation, and ports in the side wall of the cylinders adapted to release gases to the atmosphere when uncovered by the piston under two cycle actuation of the engine.

6. An internal combustion engine having cylinders and cooperating pistons, ports communicating between the cylinders and an inlet manifold and ports communicating be tween the cylinders and an exhaust manifold, valves means governing the communication between the cylinders and manifolds, means whereby the exhaust manifold may under four cycle actuation be connected with atmosphere and disconnected from the air carburetting means and whereby the exhaust manifold may under two cycle actuation be connected with; the air carburetting means and disconnected from the atmosphere, means whereby the actuation of the valve means may be altered for four cycle actuation and let manifold and ports communicating between the cylinders and an exhaust manifold, valve means governing the communication between the cylinders and manifolds,an air blowing means, means whereby the exhaust manifold may under four cycle actuation be connected with atmosphere and disconnected from the air blowing means and whereby the exhaust manlfold may under two cycle actuation be connected w1th the air blowing means and disconnected from the atmosphere, means whereby the actuation of the valve means may be altered for four cycle actuation and for two cycle actuation in relation to the enginepistons, means actuating the blower means, and ports in the side walls of the cylinders adapted to release gases to the atmosphere when uncovered by the piston under. two cycle actuation of the engine, and means ror the introduction of fuel cyclically to the engine cylinders.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 8th day of July, 1926. i ADOLPHE O. PETERSON.

lili 

